Turbine and means for governing same.



PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

R. H. GoLDsBoRoUGH. TURBINE AND MEANS PoR GOVBRNING SAME.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.5,1904.

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No. 794.609. PATBNTED JULY 11, 1905. R. H. GOLDSBORUGH.

TURBINE AND MEANS FOR GOVERNING SAME.

APPLIGATION FILED APB.5,1904.

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No. 794.609. l PATBNTED JULY 1 1, 1905. R. H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

TURBINE AND MEANS FOR GOVERNING SAME.

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No. 794,609. PATENTED JULY 11, 1905. R. H. GLDSBGROUGH.

TURBINE AND MEANS FOR GOVERNNG SAME.

APPLIOTION FILED APB.. 5,1904.

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No. 794,609. I PATENTED JULY 11', ,1905. R. H. GoLDsBoRoUGH.

TURBINE AND MEANS FOR, GVERNING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 5. 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

RICHARD H. GOLDSBOROUGH, OF INASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

TURBINE AND MEANS FOR GOVERNING SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 794,609, dated July 11,1905.

l i Application led April 5, 1904. Serial No. 201.712.

f specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in turbines and'means forgoverning the same; and it consists in the constructions, combinations,and arrangements herein described and claimed.

The objects of my invention are to provide an improved construction freefrom bearings between the working parts and consequent leakage fromwear, which will be perfectly balanced and operated with a minimumfriction loss.

A further object of my invention is to provide a simple mechanical meanswhich will be certain and positive in action for successivelycontrolling predetermined fractional portions of the actuating-mediumsupply, thereby obtainingan eiicient action of the actuating medium at aconstant speed of the turbine under all practical conditions of running,such as greatly-varying loads, &c.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of thisapplication, and in which similar reference symbols indicatecorresponding parts in the several views, Figure 1 is an end elevationillustrating one embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional viewon the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line3 3 ofFig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detailed perspective view illustrating one of therack and lock bars for actuating the turbine-valves. Fig. 5 is adetailed perspective view of one of the racks carried by a commongovernor-actuated ring. Fig. 6 is a sectional View on the line 6 6 ofFig. 1. Fig. 7 is a detailed perspective view taken on the line 7 7 ofFig. 2, showing the relative arrangement ,of the stationary abutments,lateral ports, and De Laval vanes. Fig. 8 is a detailed end elevationillustrating a modified means for actuating the common governor-ring.Fig. 9 is a plan view taken on the line 9 9 of Fig. 2, showing amodiiied construction in which a series of groups of lateral ports areemployed, the central ring of the turbine-casing being shown in sectionsfor clearness. Fig. 10 is adetailed plan view illustrating one means foractuating the valves of two of the groups of ports shown in Fig. 9. Fig.11 is a detailed sectional view on the line 11 11 of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 isadetailed sectional view on the line 1212 of Fig. 10. Fig. 13 is adetailed plan view similar to Fig. 10, illustrating a modifiedconstruction. Fig. 14 is a sectional view on the line 14 14 of Fig. 13.Fig. 15 is an end elevation illustrating my invention applied to amodified form of turbine. Fig. 16 is a sectional view on the line 16 16of Fig. 17, and Fig. 17 is a sectional view on the line 17 17 of Fig.16.

Referring especially to Figs. 1 to 7 of the drawings, which illustrate athree-stage compound turbine, 1 indicates the turbine-shaft,

carrying the turbine-wheels 2, 3, A, 5, and 6 and suitably journaled at7 and 8 in the turbine-casing 9. The central turbine-wheel 4 carries anannular series of curved vanes 10, which are provided with endprojections 11, closely fitting recesses in two iiat rings 12 12. Therings 12 are constructed to fit annular recesses formed in the innerwalls of the hollow wheel 4C, in which they are held by bolts 13 orother suitable securing means, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Eachof the wheels 2, 3, 5, and 6 is shown comprising two diskshaped partsprovided with bolts 14:, clamping therebetween the annular web 15 of anannular base 16, carrying a series of curved vanes 17. The vanes 17 maybe secured to their base 16 by casting the latter about their inner endsor such vanes may be machined or otherwise.

formed on or secured to their base. Annular spacing members -18 arepositioned between the several turbine-wheels and clamped in positionbya plurality of bolts 19, which hold the several turbine-wheels andspacing members rigidly together in order that they may constitute asingle rotating part. A central annular member 20, shown rigidly securedto the turbine-casing by bolts 21, is provided With an annularIsteam-chamber 22 and with a plurality of ports 23, constructed to directthe steam from the chamber 22 at an efficient angle IOO against theannular series of vanes 10. The inner periphery of the annular member isprovided with a series of exhaust-ports 24 at points intermediate of theadmission-ports 23. As shown especially in Figs. 2, 3, and 7, theexhaust-ports are preferably formed to cause a practical reversal of thesteam entering them and to direct it forwardly in the direction ofrotation of the turbine-wheel. The exhaustports are also shown, (seeespecially Figs. 2 and 7.) deepening laterally in both directions fromthe center of the annular member 2O to provide for expansion of theAsteam flowing therethrough and with the abutm'ents 25, which constitutepartitions between the several exhaust-ports of each series, tapered toa knife-edge adjacent the annular series of vanes 10. The annular member20 is shown constructed of two similar halves for convenience ying 9 area plurality of rings 26, 27, and 28,

the rings 28 being constructed to closely approximate the outerperipheries of the annular series of vanes 17, carried by theturbinewheels 2, 3, 5, and 6. The rings 26 and 27 are sufficiently thickto bring their inner peripheries adjacent the outer peripheries of thecorresponding spacing members 18 and are provided with steam-ports 29and 30. respectively. (See especially Figs. 2 and 7.) The rings 26 areconstructed to leave an annular chamber 31 between the discharge ends ofthe exhaust-ports 24 and the entrance ends of the ports 29. Theseannular chambers 31 receive the exhaust from the several groups of theexhaust-ports 24, and thereby act. to equalize the pressure at theentrance -o'ri- 'fices of the several ports 29. Similar annularAchambers 32, separating the entrance ends of the rings in position.

-' ing said valves by said rod.

the ports 30 from the adjacent vanes 17, receive the steam deflectedfrom said vanes, and those tend to equalize the pressure of theentrance-orifices of the several ports 30. A preferred construction isone in which the-annular chambers 31 and 32 are widened in proximity tothe entrance ends of the ports 29 and 30, as more clearly shown in Fig.7, but such widening is not essential, and the entire annular chamberscould be dispensed with, if desired. Adjusting-rings 33 are shown incontact with the two end rings 28 and engaged by screws 34 foraccurately adjusting A valve 35, carried by a rod 36, is shown adjacentthe entrance-oriices of each steam-admission port 23, and similarregulating-valves 37 and 38 are positioned to control theentrance-orifices of the lateral ports 29 and 30, respectively. Thevalves 37 and 38 are operatively connected to the lrods 36, as bybevel-gears 39, for actuat- Each rod 36 is journaled in suitablebearings 4() on the tur-` bine-casing and carries at its outer end aspurgear 41, provided on its face with a lockinglug 42. Suitable meansare-employed for returning the rod 36 to its initial position andmaintaining it there when free from engagement with its actuating-rack.I have shown for this purpose acoiled spring 43, having its respectiveends secured to the rod 36 and to one of its bearings 40; but any otherequivalent means could be employed. A ring 44, shown rotatably supportedon the turbinecasing, has secured thereto two rack-plates 45 inpositionto be engaged by two toothed bell-crank levers 46. A series ofplates provided with rack-teeth 47 and locking-flanges 48 are secured tothe common ring 44 in position to successively actuate and lock thegears 41 of the rods 36. For example, in the embodiment of my inventionillustrated especially in Fig. 1 the valves operated by that rod 36which is indicated by the letter a will be closed upon a slight movementof the ring 44 in the direction of the arrow, and the valves operated bythose rods indicated by the letters c, d, e, f, g, and L will beactuated in the successive order enumerated upon further continuedmovement of the ring 44. In the construction shown the rods 36 aredesigned to be turned through ninety degrees by their actuating-racks,after which movement the locking-flanges 48 engage the lugs 42 and locksaid rods in their actuated position until the movement of the ring 44is reversed sufiiciently to dis'engage said locking-flangesfrom thelugs. The disk 49, secured to the turbineshaft, is provided with aplurality of recesses 5() for receiving blocks or pistons 51 and guidingthe same during their movement under centrifugal force against thetension of springs 52, arranged to bear upon top faces of said' pistons.Each piston carries a stem 53, which is provided with a contact-head 54,arranged to engage the inner short arms of the bell-crank levers 46 whensaid stems are projected from the disk by the action of centrifugalforce and to thereby swing said bellcrank levers about their pivotalpoints 55 and shift the ring 44. Springs 56 are preferably provided fornormally maintaining the bellcrank levers against suitable stops 57.

The form of governing device above described is very efcient andsatisfactory at the high rotative speeds employed in turbines; butobviously other' types of governing devices could be employed, ifdesired.

In the operation of my invention steam or IOO IIO

other actuating medium is maintained at any n the interior of the wheelrecurves and passes outward through the vanes at an efiicient angle inseeking the path of least resistance to the exhaust-ports 24, thusproducing a second useful impact against said vanes 10. The steam thuspassing outward through the vanes 10 is deiiected by the stationaryabutments 25, thereby producing a reaction which exerts an additionalturning force on the turbine-wheel. The steam is deiected laterally inboth directions by the exhaust-ports 24 and discharged into the annularchambers 31, from which it iows through the ports 29 and is directed atan efficient angle against the adjacent annular series of vanes 17. Thevanes 17 are preterably constructed to produce a practical reversal ot'the steam impinging thereon and to deflect the same into the secondannular chambers 32, from which it fiows through the ports 30 and isdirected at an efficient angle against the adjacent annular series oi'vanes 17. The steam is deflected from the last annular series of vanes17 into the turbine-casing, from which it may be led to a condenser orto the atmosphere, or the casing may be provided with the usualcondensing sprays or coils to itseltl constitute a condenser. Should anyconditions under which the turbine is operating, such as a decrease inthe load, cause its speed to increase above that for which the governingdevices are adjusted, the contactheads 54 will be thrown out intoengagement with the bell-crank levers 46 and shift the ring 44sufficiently to successfully actuate the necessary number of valves forso regulating the steam-supply that the desired speed will be maintainedunder the conditions of operation.

Referring to Figs. 15, 16, and 17, which illustrate a simplesingle-stage turbine, 58 indicates ahollow turbine-wheel provided withan annular series oi' vanes 59 and secured to a shaft 60, suitablyjournaled in the turbinecasing 61. The turbine-casing is provided withan annular steam-chamber 62,i'rom which the steam is directed by aplurality of ports 63 at an eiicient angle against the annular series ofvanes 59. A plurality of exhaustports 64 are arranged in the casingabout the periphery of the annular series of vanes 59 at pointsintermediate of the discharge ends of the ports 63. The exhaust-ports 64are shown discharging into the turbine-casing, from which the exhaustactuating medium may be discharged into the atmosphere or into acondenser. If desired, the casing may be provided with the usualcondensing sprays or coils to itsel'tl constitute a condenser. Each ot'the admission-ports 63 is provided adjacent its entrance end with anautomatically-controlled valve 65 for regulating the entranceorilicethereof. I have illustrated the controlling-valves as comprisingsemicylindrica'l blocks provided at one end with a reduced casing, andhaving the opposite end secured to a spring 67, carried by a cap 68,which latter may be screwed or otherwise secured in the turbine-casing.The spring 67 tends to maintain the valve 65 in its normally openposition and furnish an exceedingly sensitive and lightly-operated meansto be actuated by the governing devices. A disk 69 is secured to theouter end of the reduced portion 66 of each valve and is preferablyarranged to rotatably fit within a cylindrical depression formed in theouter wall of the turbine-casing, as clearly shown in Fig. 16. At theouter end oi' each reduced portion 66 is secured a spur-gear 41 andlocking-lug 42, similar to those shown in Fig. 1, in position to begovernor-controlled through the intermediary of the previously-describedring 44 and bell-crank levers 46.

In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 8 the lever 70,slidably engaging two pins 71 on the ring 44, is pivotally supported at72 in position to be engaged by the governing devices 54 for actuatingsaid ring. This provides a simple alternative construction for thetoothed bell-crank lever 46 and racks 45 of the construction illustratedin Fig. 1.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor said valves, and governing means disconnected from the operatingmechanism and constructed to engage and actuate said mechanism,substantially as described.

2. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor said valves, governing means disconnected from the operatingmechanism and constructed to engage and actuate said mechanism, andmeans for adjusting said governing means, substantially as described.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, a common operatingmechanism for said valves, and governing means disconnected from theoperating mechanism and constructed to engage said mechanism foractuating it, substantially as described.

4. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ot' independentadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor said valves, and governing means disconnected from the operatingmechanism and constructed to engage and actuate said mechanism,substantially as described.

5. In a turbine, the combination ot a rotor, a plurality of independentadmission-ports,

valves for controlling said ports, a common operating mechanism for saidvalves, and govportion 66, extending through the turbineerningmeansdisconnected from the operat- IIO IZO

ing mechanism and constructed to engage said mechanism for actuating it,substantially as described.

6. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor,

a plurality of admission-ports, valves for controlling said ports,operating mechanism for said valves, governing means disconnected fromthe operating mechanism and constructed to engage said mechanism foractuating it, and means for normally maintaining said valves in openposition, substantially as described.

7. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor,

a plurality of admission-ports, valves for controlling said ports,operating mechanism for said valves, governing means disconnected fromthe operating mechanism and constructed to engage said mechanism Jforactuating it, and means independent of said governing means for normallymaintaining said valves in open position, substantially as described.

8. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor,

a plurality of admission-ports, valves for controlling said ports,operating mechanism normally main tained out of engagement with saidvalves, and -governing means disconnected from the operating mechanismand constructed to shift said mechanism successively into engagementWith said valves for operating the latter, substantially as described.

v 9. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismnormally maintained out of engagement with said valves, and governingmeans disconnected from the operating mechanism and constructed to shiftsaid mechanism successively into engagement with said several valves foroperating the latter, substantially as described.

10. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, a common operatingmechanism normally maintained out of engagement with said valves, andgoverning means disconnected from the operating mechanism andconstructed to shift said mechanism into engagement With said valves foroperating the latter, substantially as described.

11. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor,

13. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor.

adjusting said valves and positively locking them in their adjustedpositions, and governing means disconnected from the operating mechanismand constructed to engage said mechanism for actuating it, substantiallyas described.

14. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, a common operatingmechanism for adjusting said valves and positively locking them in theiradjusted positions, and governing means for actuating said operatingmechanism, substantially as described.

15.' In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor adjusting said valves and positively locking them in their adjustedpositions, governing means for actuating said operating mechanism, andmeans for normally maintaining said valves in open position,substantially as described.

16. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports` valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor adjusting said valves and positively locking them in their adjustedpositions, and a plurality of independent governing means for actuatingsaid operating mechanism, substantially as described.

17. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismfor successively adjusting said valves, and governing means disconnectedfrom the operating mechanism and constructed to engage said mechanismfor actuating it, vsubstantially as described.

18. In aturbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, valves for controlling said ports, operating mechanismyfor successively adjusting said valves and positively locking them intheir adjusted positions, and governing means for actuating saidoperating mechanism, substantially as described.

19. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, an independent valve for controlling each of saidports, a gear connected to each of said valves, a common operatingmeans, a series of racks carried by said operating means in position tosuccessively engage said gears in any predetermined order, bell-cranklevers engaging said common operating means, and governing means foractuating said bell-crank levers to shift said common operating means,substantially as described.

20. In aturbine, the combination of a rotor, a plurality ofadmission-ports, an independentvalve for controlling each of said ports,a gear and locking-lug connecting each of said IOS IIO

valves, a common operating means, a series of racks and locking-langescarried by said operating means in position to successively connect saidgears in any predetermined order and to lock said gears in theirconnected positions, and governing means for actuating said operatingmechanism, substantially as described.

21. In a compound turbine provided with a plurality of annular series ofvanes, an independent series of admission-ports for each of said seriesof vanes, Valves for controlling said ports, a common operatingmechanism constructed to adjust said valves upon a predetermined portionoi' its movement and to lock said valves in their adjusted positionsupon its further movement, and governing means for actuating saidoperating mechanism, substantially as described.`

22. In a compound turbine provided with a plurality or' annular seriesof vanes, an independent series or' admission-ports for each of saidseries of vanes, an independent valve for controlling each oi saidports, a common operating mechanism constructed to successively adjustsaid valves upon a predetermined movement and to lock said valves intheir adjusted positions upon its further movement, and governing meansfor actuating' said common operating mechanism, substantially asdescribed.

23. In a compound turbine provided with a plurality or' annular seriesof vanes, an independent series of admission-ports for each of saidseries of vanes, an independent valve for controlling each of saidports, a gear for each valve in one of said series, resilient connectingmechanism between each gear and its corresponding valve, actuating meansoperatively connecting certain valves of the remaining series of portsWith said connecting mechanism, a common operating mechanism arranged toactuate said gears, and governing means for actuating said commonoperating mechanism, substantially as described.

24C. In a compound turbine provided with a plurality of annular seriesof vanes, an independent series of admission-ports for each of saidseries of vanes, an independent valve for controlling each of saidports, a rotatablysupported rod secured to each valve or' one of saidseries, a gear connected to each of said rods, actuating meansoperatively connecting the valves of the remaining series of ports withthe rods, a common operating mechanism arranged to actuate said gears,and governing means for actuating said common operating mechanism,substantially as described.

25. In a compound turbine provided with a plurality of annular series ofvanes, an independent series of ports for each of said series of vanes,an independent valve for controlling each of said ports, arotatably-supported rod secured to each valve of one of said series,gears resiliently connected to each of said rods, actuating meansoperatively connecting the valves to the remaining series of ports withthe rods, a common .operating mechanism arranged to actuate said gears,and governing means for actuating said common operating mechanism,substantially as described.

26. In a compound turbine provided With a plurality of annular series ofvanes, an independent series of ports for each of said series of vanes,an independent valve for controlling each of said ports, arotatably-supported rod secured to each valve of one of saidseries, anactuating-gear connected to each of said rods, intermediate gearscarried by said rods, gears carried by the Valves of the remainingseries of portsin mesh With said intermediate gears, a common operatingmechanism arranged to engage said actuating-gears, and governing meansfor actuating said common operating mechanism, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony Whereof I afHX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

RICHARD H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

Witnesses THOMAS DURANT, G. AYRES.

